2022高考英语真题（甲卷）对比分析与命题反思
智业天成 英语研究员 冯向前
一、选材原则：
1）阅读材料应全面涵盖教材目录提及的主题。这是基础。只要在系列卷中做到了这一点，我们基本上就可以在客户那里站稳脚跟。这一点我们一直都做得比较好，我们对目录上的主题做到了全面覆盖。
2）阅读材料应该突出重点主题。由于受到语言能力的限制，历年来高考选材的重点在：学习、人际关系、艺术、环保，文物保护，文化、节日等。这是每年高考的常客。
3）阅读材料应反映国内热点问题，培养学生的家国情怀。这个在今年的高考命题中体现得尤其明显。比如我们国家去年第一次成立了国家公园、第一次在云南召开了生物多样性国际会议、北京成功举办了冬奥会。这些热点事件在真题中占有突出的位置。尤其是北京冬奥会对去年的选题起到了非常大的引领作用, 比如新高考的续写就是“残疾人赛跑”，及语法填空是“残疾人沿着丝绸之路徒步旅行”。另外，对应着国家公园及生物多样性国际会议，今年真题阅读中出现了“凤头鹦鹉智力实验”， 语法填空中出现了“国家大熊猫公园与动物保护”。应用文写作中则出现了“海洋保护倡议”。
4）阅读材料的视角要符合高中生的认知水平，尤其是语言水平，否则学生有“茶壶里煮饺子，有话说不出”的问题。
总之，选材应该注重基础，突出重点，回应当下，并兼顾国际国内。
二、高考真题（甲卷）对比与反思
1）阅读与七选五
阅读材料我们基本全面覆盖了基本主题。比如语言学习、人际关系这些无一遗漏地都被覆盖了。只是命题的视角不同而已。
今年比去年有一些进步的地方是，有些阅读材料和真题十分接近：
甲卷阅读B | 凤头鹦鹉智力实验 Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. 24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment？ A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 25.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text？ A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos？ A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27.Which can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters |
模拟卷(中)-英语4 阅读C | When Snowball, a male cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉), was shown last year in a YouTube video apparently moving in time to pop music, he immediately became an Internet star. But only now scientists have begun to study his dancing. 28. What is the key ability in real dancing according to Patel? A. Learning new movements. B. Using communicative gestures. C. Moving the body to different music speeds. D. Understanding different and confusing sounds. 29. What did the researchers from Tufts University say about Snowball? A. It even could dance with some creativity. B. It usually danced in one of his favorite spots. C. It just danced to the music with the same beat. D. It preferred its own music and dancing styles. 30. What is significance of the research according to Tecumseh Fitch? A. It is the first time to study animal dancing. B. It has identified the dancing genes in the brain. C. It shows the educational value of music for kids. D. It will lead various kinds of important experiments. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To report an important discovery of a new study. B. To prove that the ability to dance is not uniquely human. C. To persuade parents to send their kids to dancing classes. D. To show that male cockatoos are smarter than the females. |
2）完形填空
完形填空的命题感觉主要在两点：基础词汇和高中阶段的核心词汇。由于受文本的限制，直接命中高中阶段的核心词汇的几率比较低。倒是基础词汇的命中率相当高。这是一个值得探讨的问题。
甲卷完形填空 | 43.A.feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned 45.A.predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 47.A.tied B. walked C. bathed D.fed 52A.eye B. tail C.ear D.leg 57.A.looking B. caring C. waiting D.calling |
模拟卷（下）-英语 六 | 44. A. hands B. eyes C. legs D. ears 56. A. care B. reply C. see D. hear |
全国高考仿真模拟卷（二） | 54．A．bought B．forgotten C．consulted D．learned 57. A. drove B. hid C. walked D. sat |
全国高考猜题信息卷（一） | 45. A. confused B. delighted C. worried D. amused |
3）语法填空与改错
因为语法项目非常固定。我们一直有非常好的覆盖。特别是虚词我们基本可以做到90%的重现。
甲卷语法填空 | On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 62. who |
高三押题信息卷（四） | A teenager, 61 climbed up a tree at an Indianapolis park to rescue a little cat he spotted high up in the branches, ended up stuck himself and in need of 62 rescue. 61. who |
甲卷语法改错 |
disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. how One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. |
全国高考分科综合模拟（二） | the old and disabled around us or offer a helping hand. … So let’s take and
|
全国高考猜题信息卷（一） | Alice Munro is known for her skill to show what a person's life is how influenced by the seemingly unimportant daily events. |
4）书面表达
今年得益于杨老师的明确定位，作文是我们的重点押题的方向。今年应用文在文体的覆盖、情景设置，主题把握上取得了明显进步。
我们还特别把改错题与写作题结合了起来，因为这两个东西本质上是一样的：改错题的来源就是学生习作。这种结合可以大大提高作文的覆盖面。
甲卷 | 你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语正文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 保护海洋的倡议 注意： 1. 字数100字左右； 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 |
模拟卷（下）-英语4 | 你校英语墙报正在征集以“保护环境从我做起” 为主题的稿件。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.提出切实可行的建议； 2.简述理由. 注意： 1. 写作词数应为100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 What can I do for our environment? |
模拟卷(中)- 英语5 语法改错题 | There are many people who wants to protect the environment, but many of us don't know that we can do. Here are a few tips that can help you lighten the burden on the heavily polluting earth. Don't leave any electrical appliance on careless if you are not using it. It can contributed to saving energy. In addition, recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags or newspapers if circumstances allow you to. Finally and the most importantly, be an educator. Talk with our family and friends about global warming and let them be aware the importance of protecting the environment. Please remember that everyone contribution counts when it comes to creating a greener world. |
三、试卷的新变化与展望
英语试卷最大的特点是稳定性，因为它太基础。但是今年还是有些微小变化：
1）甲卷第27题出现了文体考查。这是照搬了今年浙江一月高考的第26题：What is the text?
2）甲卷特别突出了文章大意的考查。同一张试卷出现了段落大意、全文大意及标题题。这么密集比较罕见。
3）甲卷在语法考查中安排了5个非谓语动词，这个也非常抢眼。
4）今年最大的变化是有关中国的内容在增多：“残疾人沿着丝绸之路徒步旅行”、 “中国茶叶节”及“国家大熊猫公园与动物保护”。其中两篇文章还是中国人自己写的东西。这是一个新动向，估计明年只会加强。因为今年6月国家为此还专门召开了常委会议，并发出了正式通知，要求“讲好中国故事，追溯中国文明源头”。尽管只点名了历史，语文，地理、政治等，英语应该也不会有例外，只是限于文本，分量会少一点而已。
5）时事性更强。因为上面重点谈了，这里就不再赘述。
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